How Does Winter Weather Impact Commercial Roofs?

Winter weather can wreak havoc on a commercial roof in several ways. Unlike residential structures, commercial buildings often have flat or low-slope roofs, which can lead to water pooling, snow accumulation, and ice formation. Understanding these risks is the first step in preventing damage.

Snow Accumulation

A commercial roof is designed to withstand a certain weight, but excessive snowfall can cause structural failures, increasing the risk of collapse. Accumulated snow can also block drainage systems, leading to standing water when it melts. Factors such as rain-on-snow events and ice dams can exacerbate this issue by adding weight and preventing proper drainage. 

Ice Dams and Freezing Water

When heat escapes from a building, it can cause snow to melt and refreeze along the edges of the roof. This process creates ice dams, which prevent proper drainage and force water underneath roofing materials, leading to leaks and interior damage.

Fluctuating Temperatures

Constant freezing and thawing cause roofing materials to expand and contract. Over time, this movement can weaken seams, flashing, and other protective elements, making the roof more susceptible to leaks and cracks.

Poor Drainage

If a commercial roof has clogged or poorly maintained gutters and drains, melted snow has nowhere to go. Standing water can freeze, further stressing the roof’s structure and increasing the likelihood of leaks and water damage.

8 Essential Tips to Protect Your Commercial Roof from Snow Damage

1. Inspect and Assess the Roof Before Winter Hits

A thorough inspection is the first line of defense against winter roof damage. Regular assessments help identify existing weaknesses that could become major issues under the weight of snow and ice. The earlier an inspection is performed, the more time there is to address problems before extreme weather conditions set in.

• Schedule an Early Roof Inspection: Schedule a professional roof inspection before the first snowfall to ensure no underlying issues exist. A commercial roofing expert can pinpoint weaknesses that may not be visible to an untrained eye.
• Look for Structural Vulnerabilities: Look for cracks, leaks, damaged flashing, or weak seams that could lead to water infiltration and ice buildup. Even small openings can allow moisture to seep in and expand as it freezes, worsening the damage.
• Ensure Proper Drainage: Identify areas where water tends to pool and ensure proper drainage to prevent ice dams. Flat and low-slope commercial roofs are particularly prone to standing water, which can freeze and create pressure on the roof’s surface.
• Clear Gutters and Downspouts: Check for clogged gutters and downspouts that could cause ice buildup. If these are blocked, melted snow has nowhere to go, leading to structural strain and possible interior leaks.

2. Reinforce Weak Areas and Make Necessary Repairs

After an inspection, any vulnerabilities should be addressed before winter arrives. Even minor issues can escalate into significant problems once snow and ice begin to accumulate. Strengthening the roof before winter ensures it can withstand seasonal stress.

• Fix Damaged Roofing Materials: Repair damaged roofing materials such as cracked or missing shingles, weakened membranes, and deteriorating flashing. If unsure, contact a roofing contractor to do the assessment and repair. 
• Reinforce Flashing Around Weak Points: Reinforce flashing around vents, chimneys, and skylights to prevent leaks. These areas are common weak points where ice and snow can infiltrate the roof structure.
• Check Insulation and Vapor Barriers: Ensure that insulation and vapor barriers are intact to minimize heat loss. Proper insulation helps maintain an even roof temperature, reducing the likelihood of ice dam formation.
• Strengthen Structural Integrity: Address any structural concerns that could compromise the roof’s ability to bear heavy snow loads. Snow buildup can place excessive strain on certain sections of the roof, leading to sagging or collapse.

3. Keep Gutters and Drainage Systems Clear

One of the most effective ways to prevent winter roof damage is by maintaining clear and functional drainage systems. Blocked gutters and downspouts can lead to ice dams, leaks, and structural strain, making routine maintenance essential.

• Clear Gutters and Drains Before Winter: Clean out leaves, dirt, and debris from gutters and drains before winter to prevent clogs that could cause water to back up onto the roof. A blocked drainage system can turn minor snowfall into a major problem.
• Install Gutter Guards for Better Flow: Install gutter guards to reduce clogging and allow for smooth water flow. These barriers help prevent debris accumulation while still allowing melted snow to drain properly.
• Position Downspouts Away from the Foundation: Ensure that downspouts are positioned correctly to direct water away from the building’s foundation. If downspouts drain too close to the structure, water may refreeze and create hazardous conditions around the property.
• Monitor and Remove Ice Buildup: Regularly check for ice buildup in gutters and remove it as needed. Ice accumulation can add weight to the drainage system, increasing the risk of breakage and leaks.

4. Implement a Snow Removal Plan

Heavy snowfall can quickly overwhelm a commercial roof, increasing the risk of collapse. Implementing a safe and effective snow removal plan can help mitigate this risk and protect the building’s structural integrity.

• Hire Professional Snow Removal Services: Hire a professional snow removal service to prevent roof damage. Professionals have the right equipment and experience to remove snow without harming roofing materials. If necessary, contact a roofing contractor to do additional preventative work. 
• Use Safe Snow Removal Techniques: Use proper techniques to remove excess snow without puncturing or scraping roofing membranes. Avoid using sharp tools, which can tear roofing material and lead to leaks.
• Minimize Foot Traffic on the Roof: Avoid walking on the roof unnecessarily, as this can weaken certain areas and increase the risk of slips, falls, or damage to the roofing membrane.

5. Prevent Ice Dams and Excessive Icicle Formation

Ice dams are one of the most common causes of winter roof damage. Ice dams occur when melting snow refreezes at the roof’s edge, preventing proper drainage and causing water to back up under roofing materials. Preventing their formation is crucial to maintaining a leak-free commercial roof.

• Improve Attic Insulation to Prevent Heat Loss: Improve attic insulation to reduce heat loss and prevent uneven snowmelt. If heat escapes from the building, it can melt snow in some areas while allowing it to refreeze elsewhere. The U.S. Department of Energy states that adding insulation to attics, floors, crawl spaces, and accessible basement rim joists can save up to 20% on heating and cooling costs. 
• Enhance Ventilation for Temperature Control: Enhance ventilation to maintain a consistent roof temperature. Proper airflow helps regulate heat distribution and reduces the risk of ice buildup.
• Install Heat Cables to Prevent Ice Dams: Install heat cables along the roof’s edges to prevent ice dam formation. These cables provide localized warmth to keep drainage paths open.
• Remove Icicles to Reduce Weight Strain: Regularly check for icicles and safely remove them to prevent weight strain. Large icicles can cause significant damage if they break off suddenly, posing a risk to people and property below.

6. Conduct Regular Roof Monitoring Throughout the Winter

Winter weather is unpredictable, making regular roof monitoring essential. Frequent checks help catch problems before they worsen, ensuring the roof remains in good condition throughout the season.

• Schedule Post-Storm Roof Inspections: Assign designated staff or hire professionals to inspect the roof after major storms. Snowfall, ice, and wind can cause damage that needs immediate attention.
• Check for Sagging, Leaks, and Ice Dams: Look for signs of sagging, leaks, or ice dam formation. Any abnormalities should be addressed before they develop into more severe issues.
• Inspect Interior Ceilings for Water Damage: Monitor interior ceilings for signs of water intrusion. Stains, discoloration, or peeling paint may indicate a leak that needs immediate attention.

7. Plan for Emergency Repairs 

Despite the best preventative measures, emergencies can still arise. Having a plan in place ensures quick and efficient responses to unexpected roof issues.

• Prepare an Emergency Roof Repair Kit: Keep an emergency kit with essential tools, tarps, and sealants for quick fixes in case of sudden leaks or structural issues.
• Have a Roofing Contractor on Standby: Have a reliable roofing contractor on call for emergency repairs. Immediate professional intervention can prevent further damage.
• Review Insurance Coverage for Winter Damage: Ensure insurance policies cover winter-related roof damage. Understanding coverage details can help businesses recover from unforeseen roofing emergencies.

8. Consider Long-Term Roofing Solutions for Winter Protection

Investing in durable, winter-resistant materials and roofing solutions can provide long-term benefits.

• Upgrade to Weather-Resistant Roofing Materials: Upgrade to weather-resistant roofing materials that can withstand harsh conditions, including reinforced membranes and high-quality sealants.
• Apply Protective Roof Coatings: Apply protective roof coatings to enhance moisture and ice resistance. These coatings add an extra layer of protection against the elements.
• Schedule Annual Roof Maintenance: Schedule annual maintenance to keep the roof in optimal condition and proactively address issues before winter begins.
  

Why Hiring a Trusted Roofing Contractor is Important

A commercial roof is a significant investment, and ensuring its durability during winter requires expertise, proper maintenance, and quick responses to potential issues. Hiring a trusted roofing contractor in Connecticut is one of the best ways to safeguard a commercial roof from seasonal damage.